What is the primary purpose of cathodic protection systems?

Cathodic protection systems are primarily designed to protect metals from corrosion, particularly in marine environments or situations where metals are exposed to moisture and electrolytes. This method works by using a sacrificial anode or impressed current system to shift the electrochemical reactions that occur on the metal surface. By ensuring that the metal becomes a cathode in the electrochemical process, it can effectively prevent oxidation, which is the primary mechanism behind corrosion.

When a metal is connected to a more anodic material (sacrificial anode), the sacrificial anode corrodes instead of the protected metal. This is essential in marine applications, where vessels or submerged structures are at high risk due to saltwater and other electrolytes that accelerate corrosion. Cathodic protection ensures long-term integrity and durability of metal structures by shielding them from the damaging effects of corrosion.

In contrast, while the other options may seem relevant to corrosion and electrical properties, they do not encompass the primary goal of cathodic protection systems. For instance, increasing electrochemical reactions or enhancing conductivity doesn't directly serve the purpose of preventing corrosion, and preventing rust formation is a narrower aspect of what corrosion protection entails. Thus, the focus on protecting metals from corrosion captures the broader and more critical function of