What is "Impressed Current Cathodic Protection" (ICCP)?

Impressed Current Cathodic Protection (ICCP) is a corrosion prevention technique that involves the application of an external electric current to reduce the corrosion process of a metal surface. This system typically uses an external power source to deliver a controlled current to the cathode, which is the metal structure being protected. By providing this current, ICCP helps to shift the electrochemical conditions of the environment, effectively counteracting the galvanic corrosion that occurs when metals are in contact with water or other conductive fluids.

The system usually consists of anodes, which can be made from various materials such as titanium or graphite, and these anodes are placed in a conductive environment, such as seawater. The external power supply generates a current that flows from the anodes to the metal structure, ensuring that it remains in a cathodic state, thus preventing oxidation and subsequent corrosion.

The other options pertain to different concepts unrelated to ICCP. For instance, methods for applying paint or measuring corrosion rates do not involve the use of an external current, and passive methods relying solely on natural currents lack the proactive control provided by ICCP.